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f09:
How much does water fluoridation cost?
Between the financial
years 1985/86 and 1992/93, the cost to the Treasury
was as follows;-
|
|
Financial year - Central Fund expenditure in £,000's |
|
Regional
Health Authority (RHA) |
85-86 |
86-87 |
87-88 |
88-89 |
89-90 |
90-91 |
91-92 |
92-93 |
Totals for RHA |
|
Northern |
|
3 |
38 |
|
55 |
|
|
113 |
209 |
|
Trent |
|
105 |
|
8 |
|
245 |
54 |
535 |
947 |
|
N/W Thames |
|
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
75 |
|
Oxford |
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
West Midlands |
|
251 |
385 |
936 |
300 |
|
|
135 |
2,007 |
|
North Western |
20 |
|
10 |
10 |
|
|
42 |
11 |
93 |
|
Yorkshire |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
12 |
|
Mersey |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
102 |
102 |
|
Totals |
20 |
373 |
433 |
954 |
430 |
245 |
108 |
896 |
3,459 |
Note: Figures include
funding towards feasibility studies, reports and or
capital costs of schemes. (Source: Written Answers,
Hansard, 13th January 1994).
The total expenditure
for this period is £3,459,000 from the Treasury's
'Central Fund' alone (NB. For a small percentage of
the population only).
However, water
companies who implement fluoridation schemes obtain
full financial reimbursement from the Health
Authority responsible for the application. The
Health Authorities in turn obtain only part of the
funding from central Government. So the question is:
what percentage does the above table represent to
the total cost of fluoridation?
A clue lies in the
letter sent by the Department of Health & Social
Security to the West Midlands Regional Health
Authority in February 1982. The letter gives the
following table of estimated costs for WOLVERHAMPTON
AND WORCESTER schemes;-
|
Year |
Proposed capital expenditure |
RHA
commitment |
Grant
from Central Funds (CF) |
%CF |
|
82/83 |
£350,000 |
£325,000 |
£25,000 |
7.14 |
|
83/84 |
£740,000 |
£550,000 |
£190,000 |
25.7 |
|
84/85 |
£821,000 |
£625,000 |
£196,000 |
23.9 |
|
85/86 |
3315,000 |
£250,000 |
£65,000 |
20.6 |
|
86/87 |
£2,226,000 |
£1,750,000 |
£476,000 |
21.4 |
This table shows that
only about a fifth to a quarter of all costs for
fluoridation schemes comes from Central Funding.
This in turn means that a total of approximately
*£16 million pounds would have been spent over an
eight year period implementing or maintaining
fluoridation schemes (*calculations are based on the
first and second tables - £3,459,000 divided by
21.4%).
The next calculation to consider is
how much water is used by industry and how much in the home.
Estimates on industrial usage can vary significantly.
Industry can take between 40 to 80% of all
supply but only the lower figure will be used in the following formula.
|
Water usage |
Formula |
Results (ltrs) |
Notes |
|
a. in homes @
60% |
18,000 / 58
(millions) |
310.34482 |
[1] |
|
b. by industry @
40% |
(310.34482 /
60%) - a. |
206.89654 |
[2] |
|
c. total |
a. + b. |
517.24136 |
[3] |
|
d. physically
consumed |
a. x 2%
|
6.20690 |
[4] |
|
e. children under 18 |
d. x 23% |
1.42759 |
[5] |
|
f. fluoride
retained |
e. x 50% |
0.71379 |
[6] |
NB. Figures
based on 100% fluoridation of a population.
Notes
[1] Water UK states
that the water industry provides about 18,000
million litres of water to 58 million people, per
day (domestic customers).
[2] The amount of
water used by industry (water company claim and
using lowest estimate).
[3] Total amount of
water provided by water companies.
[4] Water physically
consumed (drinking, cooking, etc.) as opposed to
other usage (washing machines, washing up, bathing,
etc.).
[5] Based on commonly
agreed principal that only children are supposed to
benefit from drinking fluoridated water. The child
population of England & Wales is approximately 23%
based on estimates from the Office of National
Statistics.
[6] The average amount
of fluoride retained by the body.
Conclusion
Of the 517.24136
litres of water provided by water companies each day
(based on single user consumption and including
industry percentage usage), only 1.42759 litres
reaches it's intended target (children under 18).
This simply means that
by dividing 517.24136 by 1.42759, the actual
percentage of any 'use', is 0.276% of total supply.
Consequently, 99.724%
of fluoridated water is wasted (where water is 100%
fluoridated).
Alternatively ...
For every £100 spent on fluoridation, only
27.6p worth is physically consumed by children. Of this 27.6p worth, about
13.8p worth will be excreted. Of the remaining 13.8p, only a proportion of
this amount will reach developing teeth.
Do you think this is a good way to spend
money? Would you be prepared to spend £100 on a product when you knew in
advance that at least £99.72 would be wasted?
Q. SO HOW MANY £10's OR £100's MILLIONS OF
POUNDS OF TAXPAYER'S MONEY WILL BE SQUANDERED ON THE GOVERNMENT'S PLAN TO
INCREASE THE NUMBER OF FLUORIDATION SCHEMES?
A. PERHAPS YOU SHOULD ASK THE PHOSPHATE
FERTILISER INDUSTRY HOW MUCH IT WOULD COST THEM TO DISPOSE OF THEIR HIGHLY
TOXIC DISCHARGES VIA OTHER ROUTES. PERHAPS THE INDUSTRY MAY BE ABLE TO TELL
US HOW MUCH MONEY THEY HAVE SAVED THEIR SHAREHOLDERS.
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